1 September 25, 2024
Articles
1. Yelena A. Kalinina
The Personal Letters of M. Devyatayev to Another Participant of the Flight from the Island of Usedom on February 8, 1945 I. Krivonogov
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 4-15.
Number of views: 5 Download in PDF
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 4-15.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the personality of the Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot Mikhail Petrovich Devyatayev. The main material for the analytical study was postal items - post-war letters covering more than a ten-year period, from 1953 to 1964. This does not include incoming correspondence, which M. Devyatayev, after being awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1957, began to receive from residents from the Soviet Union and other countries, but letters sent and written by him personally. All the letters were sent to one addressee – his friend Ivan Pavlovich Krivonogov, another participant in the flight from the Peenemünde airfield on the Usedom island on a Heinkel-111 bomber on February 8, 1945. They were the only two who managed to escape from captivity from ten people; only four survived after the war. After the war, M.P. Devyatayev lived in Kazan, and I.P. Krivonogov in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). The relatively small distance between the cities allowed them to visit each other and establish close communication. Personal letters are a rich source of information about the facts of a person’s biography; they contain information about the way of life, the organization of everyday life, and the everyday life of a certain period in history. Letters also reflect people’s views, reveal the motives for their actions, emotions, and the basis of interpersonal relationships. In addition, the letters provide an idea of the psychological characteristics of the author. An analysis of these letters made it possible to create a personal portrait of M.P. Devyatayev, and also to identify the features of his moral and ethical character.
The article analyzes the personality of the Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot Mikhail Petrovich Devyatayev. The main material for the analytical study was postal items - post-war letters covering more than a ten-year period, from 1953 to 1964. This does not include incoming correspondence, which M. Devyatayev, after being awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1957, began to receive from residents from the Soviet Union and other countries, but letters sent and written by him personally. All the letters were sent to one addressee – his friend Ivan Pavlovich Krivonogov, another participant in the flight from the Peenemünde airfield on the Usedom island on a Heinkel-111 bomber on February 8, 1945. They were the only two who managed to escape from captivity from ten people; only four survived after the war. After the war, M.P. Devyatayev lived in Kazan, and I.P. Krivonogov in Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod). The relatively small distance between the cities allowed them to visit each other and establish close communication. Personal letters are a rich source of information about the facts of a person’s biography; they contain information about the way of life, the organization of everyday life, and the everyday life of a certain period in history. Letters also reflect people’s views, reveal the motives for their actions, emotions, and the basis of interpersonal relationships. In addition, the letters provide an idea of the psychological characteristics of the author. An analysis of these letters made it possible to create a personal portrait of M.P. Devyatayev, and also to identify the features of his moral and ethical character.
Number of views: 5 Download in PDF
Publication of Sources
2. Evdokim of Vatopedi, Mikhail G. Talalay
“Taganrog's Precious Guest”: Links between Athos and Taganrog on the materials of the Russian Archive of St Andrew's Skete
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 16-29.
Number of views: 7 Download in PDF
3. Oleg A. GromRusskii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 16-29.
Abstract:
The Russian archive of St. Andrew's Skete, located at the Athonite Vatopedi Monastery, has preserved unique documents that have not yet been systematised and, even more so, have not been put into scientific circulation. Among them is a small but capacious correspondence between the Skete and Taganrog’s citizens, connected with a unique subject – the order on Athos for a copy of the miracle-working icon Skoroposlushnitsa. This order was organised by E.G. Riznitsа, a resident of Taganrog, who entered into correspondence with the Skete and ensured the arrival of the icon in the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, to its rector Archpriest Vassily Bandakov. For the arrival of the icon the famous preacher wrote two sermons, which were not included in the multi-volume edition of his works. The Chekhov family also entered into relations with the Skete.
The Russian archive of St. Andrew's Skete, located at the Athonite Vatopedi Monastery, has preserved unique documents that have not yet been systematised and, even more so, have not been put into scientific circulation. Among them is a small but capacious correspondence between the Skete and Taganrog’s citizens, connected with a unique subject – the order on Athos for a copy of the miracle-working icon Skoroposlushnitsa. This order was organised by E.G. Riznitsа, a resident of Taganrog, who entered into correspondence with the Skete and ensured the arrival of the icon in the Church of St. Michael the Archangel, to its rector Archpriest Vassily Bandakov. For the arrival of the icon the famous preacher wrote two sermons, which were not included in the multi-volume edition of his works. The Chekhov family also entered into relations with the Skete.
Number of views: 7 Download in PDF
Ukrainian Popular Newspapers of the Early 20th century in the Funds of the Main Department of Press Affairs
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 30-46.
Number of views: 6 Download in PDF
4. Igor O. TyumentsevRusskii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 30-46.
Abstract:
The presented documents from the fund of the Main Department for Press Affairs from the Russian State Historical Archive are dedicated to the publication and censorship of the Ukrainian “people’s” newspapers "Selo", "Zasiv" and "Mayak", published in 1909–1914. The censors of Ukrainian publications, members of the Kyiv Provisional Committee for Press Affairs, such as professor T.D. Florinsky and S.N. Shchegolev, had a reputation as ardent opponents of the Ukrainian national movement. In spite of this fact, in most cases, these publications were persecuted not for “ukrainophile propaganda”, but for promoting the ideas of social democracy and class struggle. In a number of cases, the judicial authorities and the administration of the Kyiv gubernia canceled the seizure of newspaper issues imposed by the censors, limiting the punishment of newspaper editors to fines. However, the system of fines and administrative restrictions prevented the distribution of newspapers among the target audience, peasants and workers, forcing publishers to close newspapers. With the outbreak of World War I, most Ukrainian newspapers were closed by the authorities.
The presented documents from the fund of the Main Department for Press Affairs from the Russian State Historical Archive are dedicated to the publication and censorship of the Ukrainian “people’s” newspapers "Selo", "Zasiv" and "Mayak", published in 1909–1914. The censors of Ukrainian publications, members of the Kyiv Provisional Committee for Press Affairs, such as professor T.D. Florinsky and S.N. Shchegolev, had a reputation as ardent opponents of the Ukrainian national movement. In spite of this fact, in most cases, these publications were persecuted not for “ukrainophile propaganda”, but for promoting the ideas of social democracy and class struggle. In a number of cases, the judicial authorities and the administration of the Kyiv gubernia canceled the seizure of newspaper issues imposed by the censors, limiting the punishment of newspaper editors to fines. However, the system of fines and administrative restrictions prevented the distribution of newspapers among the target audience, peasants and workers, forcing publishers to close newspapers. With the outbreak of World War I, most Ukrainian newspapers were closed by the authorities.
Number of views: 6 Download in PDF
The Documents and Memories of Bronislava Klionskaya, a Secretary the Tsaritsyn Organization of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1917–1919
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 47-80.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
5. Nicholas W. MitiukovRusskii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 47-80.
Abstract:
For the first time, the author publishes the memoirs of Klionskaya Bronislava Abramovna, a professional revolutionary and secretary of the Tsaritsyn organization of the RSDLP and the Tsaritsyn Council in 1917–1919. The materials introduced into scientific circulation made it possible to restore the biography of this key political figure and an important witness to the revolutionary events in Tsaritsyn in 1917 and the famous defense of the city in 1918–1919. The memoirs were prepared at the request of the Moscow and regional branches of Ispart. It is important that the members of the Ispart did not just collect the memories of the Bolsheviks, but asked to clarify and specify certain plots. This causes repetitions of individual plots in the memories. Of particular value are B.A. Klionskaya's comments on the minutes of the meetings that she conducted in 1917–1919. The memoirs were written at different times: in the mid-20s, mid-30s and late 40s of the twentieth century. At each stage they were significantly edited by the author for ideological reasons. The importance of Klionskaya's memoirs and letters as a valuable historical source for studying the October Revolution and the Civil War in Russia is shown.
For the first time, the author publishes the memoirs of Klionskaya Bronislava Abramovna, a professional revolutionary and secretary of the Tsaritsyn organization of the RSDLP and the Tsaritsyn Council in 1917–1919. The materials introduced into scientific circulation made it possible to restore the biography of this key political figure and an important witness to the revolutionary events in Tsaritsyn in 1917 and the famous defense of the city in 1918–1919. The memoirs were prepared at the request of the Moscow and regional branches of Ispart. It is important that the members of the Ispart did not just collect the memories of the Bolsheviks, but asked to clarify and specify certain plots. This causes repetitions of individual plots in the memories. Of particular value are B.A. Klionskaya's comments on the minutes of the meetings that she conducted in 1917–1919. The memoirs were written at different times: in the mid-20s, mid-30s and late 40s of the twentieth century. At each stage they were significantly edited by the author for ideological reasons. The importance of Klionskaya's memoirs and letters as a valuable historical source for studying the October Revolution and the Civil War in Russia is shown.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
Report on the Condition of the Kronstadt Watercraft in 1921 as a Valuable Document on Damage to Ships during the Suppression of the Kronstadt Mutiny
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 81-91.
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6. Evgeny F. KrinkoRusskii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 81-91.
Abstract:
A large volume of literature is devoted to the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in March 1921, exploring the military, legal, political and other aspects of these events. However, there is still no published information about combat damage to ships and vessels of the Kronstadt port. At best, these are described only for large combat units. This paper is a publication of a document from the funds of the Russian State Archive of the Navy describing the scope of necessary repairs for barges of the Kronstadt port. The analysis showed that the “sequence number” of the document coincides with the number of barges in the list of watercrafts. The published document represents valuable evidence characterizing the state of the Kronstadt watercraft immediately after the events of the Kronstadt mutiny. In all probability, it was compiled immediately after its suppression without a detailed inspection of battle damage, which was carried out later. Particularly interesting is the mention of damage sustained by barge No. 55 during an airplane bombing, since the use of aircraft in suppressing the mutiny is practically not described.
A large volume of literature is devoted to the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion in March 1921, exploring the military, legal, political and other aspects of these events. However, there is still no published information about combat damage to ships and vessels of the Kronstadt port. At best, these are described only for large combat units. This paper is a publication of a document from the funds of the Russian State Archive of the Navy describing the scope of necessary repairs for barges of the Kronstadt port. The analysis showed that the “sequence number” of the document coincides with the number of barges in the list of watercrafts. The published document represents valuable evidence characterizing the state of the Kronstadt watercraft immediately after the events of the Kronstadt mutiny. In all probability, it was compiled immediately after its suppression without a detailed inspection of battle damage, which was carried out later. Particularly interesting is the mention of damage sustained by barge No. 55 during an airplane bombing, since the use of aircraft in suppressing the mutiny is practically not described.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
The Memories of a Participant in the Taganrog-Pokrovsk Operation of 1942, L.A. Khabalov, about Himself and his Combat Path
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 92-116.
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7. Alla V. ShadrinaRusskii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 92-116.
Abstract:
The memoirs of a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Colonel Lev Alekseevich Khabalov, were recorded in 2011 in Rostov-on-Don and are valuable evidence of his combat path and everyday life at the front. L.A. Khabalov was called up to the active army in the fall of 1941. He began his combat path as part of the mortar battalion of the 68th Marine Rifle Brigade. After graduating from military school, L.A. Khabalov continued to serve in the 353rd separate anti-tank fighter battalion of the 276th Rifle Division as an anti-tank rifle squad leader, and later as a fire platoon commander. Of particular interest are the memoirs of L.A. Khabalov about his participation in the Taganrog-Pokrovsk operation in the spring of 1942. Its objectives were to break through the Mius Front and liberate Taganrog, and in the long term, to create the preconditions for the defeat of the enemy group in the Donbass. The operation continued from March 8 to April 2, 1942, and ended with heavy losses for the Soviet troops. The memoirs of L.A. Khabalov testify to the shortcomings in the preparation of the operation, which led to its unsuccessful completion.
The memoirs of a participant in the Great Patriotic War, Colonel Lev Alekseevich Khabalov, were recorded in 2011 in Rostov-on-Don and are valuable evidence of his combat path and everyday life at the front. L.A. Khabalov was called up to the active army in the fall of 1941. He began his combat path as part of the mortar battalion of the 68th Marine Rifle Brigade. After graduating from military school, L.A. Khabalov continued to serve in the 353rd separate anti-tank fighter battalion of the 276th Rifle Division as an anti-tank rifle squad leader, and later as a fire platoon commander. Of particular interest are the memoirs of L.A. Khabalov about his participation in the Taganrog-Pokrovsk operation in the spring of 1942. Its objectives were to break through the Mius Front and liberate Taganrog, and in the long term, to create the preconditions for the defeat of the enemy group in the Donbass. The operation continued from March 8 to April 2, 1942, and ended with heavy losses for the Soviet troops. The memoirs of L.A. Khabalov testify to the shortcomings in the preparation of the operation, which led to its unsuccessful completion.
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Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov) and His Service in the Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese (1951–1955) in the Documents of the State Archives of the Rostov Region
Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 117-141.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF
8. Russkii Arkhiv. 2024. 12(1): 117-141.
Abstract:
The published documents, which are fragments of the office documentation of the authorized representative of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Rostov Region, allow us to see the personality of the famous hierarch, Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov), who was the administrator of the Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese in 1951–1955. The documents of various types present an assessment of Metropolitan Veniamin by the authorized representative of the Council for the Rostov Region. A report by the hierarch to the clergy of the deanery congress of the Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese presents his inner world, the center of which is reflections on faith. The ambiguous attitude of the believers of Rostov-on-Don towards the metropolitan in the years preceding the “Khrushchev thaw”, during which the task was set for citizens of the USSR to renounce “religious beliefs”, is evident from the denunciations of the hierarch sent to E.K. Voroshilov and the secretary of the Rostov Regional Committee of the CPSU A.V. Basov, as well as from a letter to the hierarch from a resident of Rostov-on-Don, testifying to his difficult relations with the believers of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region.
The published documents, which are fragments of the office documentation of the authorized representative of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Rostov Region, allow us to see the personality of the famous hierarch, Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov), who was the administrator of the Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese in 1951–1955. The documents of various types present an assessment of Metropolitan Veniamin by the authorized representative of the Council for the Rostov Region. A report by the hierarch to the clergy of the deanery congress of the Rostov and Novocherkassk Diocese presents his inner world, the center of which is reflections on faith. The ambiguous attitude of the believers of Rostov-on-Don towards the metropolitan in the years preceding the “Khrushchev thaw”, during which the task was set for citizens of the USSR to renounce “religious beliefs”, is evident from the denunciations of the hierarch sent to E.K. Voroshilov and the secretary of the Rostov Regional Committee of the CPSU A.V. Basov, as well as from a letter to the hierarch from a resident of Rostov-on-Don, testifying to his difficult relations with the believers of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov region.
Number of views: 4 Download in PDF